DLF Wiki - User contributions [en]

NDSA:Standards and Best Practices Working Group

2012-08-14T21:13:13Z

Daviss: /* 1. Survey and document the digital preservation standards landscape */

== Standards and Practices Working Group ==

[[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Charter ]] (December 10, 2010)

== Current Members ==
A list of current members is posted here: [[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Members]].

== Statement of Purpose ==

The Standards and Practices Working Group will work to facilitate a community-wide understanding of the role and benefit of standards in digital preservation and how to use them effectively to ensure durable and usable collections. The Group will also develop, recommend, promote, and disseminate information about effective methods for selecting, organizing, describing, managing, preserving and serving digital content, in collaboration with other individuals and organizations where appropriate.

== Current Scope of Work ==

Working group members may initiate and engage in new work at any time by forming Action Teams focused on specific projects or tasks.

===1. Survey and document the digital preservation standards landscape===
This is an ambitious and on-going project using Wikipedia to promote the use of digital preservation standards and best practices. The objectives are to:
* identify and describe '''existing''' digital preservation standards and best practices
* identify '''gaps''' in digital preservation standards and best practices coverage that could be addressed by this working group in collaboration with others
* sustain this activity by building a community of Wikipedians to join us in this activity

The categories of digital preservation standards and best practices we will focus on include: Content models, Content packaging, Content transfer, Digital preservation strategies and techniques, Digital preservation terms and concepts, File formats, Encodings, Metadata exchange, Metadata schemas, Repository architecture, Repository certification and trustworthiness, Repository operations, Repository policies

Status of activities and deliverables:

* creation of Digital Preservation "WikiProject" within Wikipedia as an umbrella for collaborating with others on this project -- '''COMPLETE 6/2012'''
* redevelop the current Wikipedia "Digital Preservation" page so that it can serve as an appropriate launch page to more detailed information about standards and best practices -- '''IN PROGRESS, 7/2012-'''

* create / update pages describing current standards and best practices in the field of digital preservation
* consult with others involved in digital preservation to encourage their input and contributions to the effort
* report back to the NDSA steering committee with updates and proposals as to how to continue this effort into the future

Links related to this project:
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Digital_Preservation Digital Preservation WikiProject Page]
* [[NDSA:Existing DP-Related Wikipedia Pages]]
* [[NDSA:Survey Template]]
* [[NDSA:Sources of Information about DP Standards and Best Practices]]
* [[NDSA:Categories and Action Teams]] (sign up for an action team here)
* [[NDSA:Parking Spot for other DP-related Standards and Best Practices]]

----

===2. Survey of digital preservation staffing===

* [[NDSA:Staffing survey planning page]]

----

===3. Survey on adoption of digital preservation standards and best practices===

* [[NDSA:Standards survey planning page]]

----

===4. Related action team on distributed digital preservation===

* [[NDSA:DDP_OAIS_Frameworks | Describing a Framework for Applying OAIS to Distributed Digital Preservation]]

----

== Meeting Schedules, Minutes and Agendas==

* [[NDSA:June 18, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:May 16, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:April 18, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:March 13, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:February 22, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:January 17, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:November 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:June 6, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:May 2, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:April 4, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:Digital Preservation Metadata Action Team -- March 15, 2011]]
* [[NDSA:March 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:February 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:January 12, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:December 6, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:November 17, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]

== NDSA Standards Working Group Listserv Archives==

The archives of the Standards Working Group Listserv can be found here (login will be required): http://list.digitalpreservation.gov/SCRIPTS/WA-DIGITAL.EXE?A0=NDSA-STANDARDS&X=25F57E4CACD543490D&Y

== Workshops ==
* I can haz standards workshop, NDIPP 2011 [[NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes]]

== Deprecated pages kept for historical reasons ==
* [[NDSA:2011 NDIIPP Partners' Meeting Attendees]]
* NDSA Standards Working Group Google Group Space (we never ended up using this): http://groups.google.com/group/ndsa-standards-working-group?hl=en

NDSA:Standards and Best Practices Working Group

2012-08-14T19:54:01Z

Daviss: added status to first two items in list of activities and deliverables

== Standards and Practices Working Group ==

[[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Charter ]] (December 10, 2010)

== Current Members ==
A list of current members is posted here: [[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Members]].

== Statement of Purpose ==

The Standards and Practices Working Group will work to facilitate a community-wide understanding of the role and benefit of standards in digital preservation and how to use them effectively to ensure durable and usable collections. The Group will also develop, recommend, promote, and disseminate information about effective methods for selecting, organizing, describing, managing, preserving and serving digital content, in collaboration with other individuals and organizations where appropriate.

== Current Scope of Work ==

Working group members may initiate and engage in new work at any time by forming Action Teams focused on specific projects or tasks.

===1. Survey and document the digital preservation standards landscape===
This is an ambitious and on-going project using Wikipedia to promote the use of digital preservation standards and best practices. The objectives are to:
* identify and describe '''existing''' digital preservation standards and best practices
* identify '''gaps''' in digital preservation standards and best practices coverage that could be addressed by this working group in collaboration with others
* sustain this activity by building a community of Wikipedians to join us in this activity

The categories of digital preservation standards and best practices we will focus on include: Content models, Content packaging, Content transfer, Digital preservation strategies and techniques, Digital preservation terms and concepts, File formats, Encodings, Metadata exchange, Metadata schemas, Repository architecture, Repository certification and trustworthiness, Repository operations, Repository policies

Status of activities and deliverables:

* creation of Digital Preservation "WikiProject" within Wikipedia as an umbrella for collaborating with others on this project -- '''COMPLETE 6/2012'''
* redevelop the current Wikipedia "Digital Preservation" page so that it can serve as an appropriate launch page to more detailed information about standards and best practices -- '''IN PROGRESS, 7/2012-'''

* create / update pages describing current standards and best practices in the field of digital preservation
* consult with others involved in digital preservation to encourage their input and contributions to the effort
* report back to the NDSA steering committee with updates and proposals as to how to continue this effort into the future

Links related to this project:
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Digital_Preservation Digital Preservation WikiProject Page]
* [https://docs.google.com/a/apps.cul.columbia.edu/document/d/1zHAQN_S3ib_JntlXu1gljN4oLU002b3wdocFjCXHsvI/edit New Outline for Wikipedia article on digital preservation]
* [[NDSA:Existing DP-Related Wikipedia Pages]]
* [[NDSA:Survey Template]]
* [[NDSA:Sources of Information about DP Standards and Best Practices]]
* [[NDSA:Categories and Action Teams]] (sign up for an action team here)
* [[NDSA:Parking Spot for other DP-related Standards and Best Practices]]

----

===2. Survey of digital preservation staffing===

* [[NDSA:Staffing survey planning page]]

----

===3. Survey on adoption of digital preservation standards and best practices===

* [[NDSA:Standards survey planning page]]

----

===4. Related action team on distributed digital preservation===

* [[NDSA:DDP_OAIS_Frameworks | Describing a Framework for Applying OAIS to Distributed Digital Preservation]]

----

== Meeting Schedules, Minutes and Agendas==

* [[NDSA:June 18, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:May 16, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:April 18, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:March 13, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:February 22, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:January 17, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:November 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:June 6, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:May 2, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:April 4, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:Digital Preservation Metadata Action Team -- March 15, 2011]]
* [[NDSA:March 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:February 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:January 12, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:December 6, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:November 17, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]

== NDSA Standards Working Group Listserv Archives==

The archives of the Standards Working Group Listserv can be found here (login will be required): http://list.digitalpreservation.gov/SCRIPTS/WA-DIGITAL.EXE?A0=NDSA-STANDARDS&X=25F57E4CACD543490D&Y

== Workshops ==
* I can haz standards workshop, NDIPP 2011 [[NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes]]

== Deprecated pages kept for historical reasons ==
* [[NDSA:2011 NDIIPP Partners' Meeting Attendees]]
* NDSA Standards Working Group Google Group Space (we never ended up using this): http://groups.google.com/group/ndsa-standards-working-group?hl=en

NDSA:Standards and Best Practices Working Group

2012-08-14T19:46:25Z

Daviss: /* 1. Survey and document the digital preservation standards landscape */

== Standards and Practices Working Group ==

[[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Charter ]] (December 10, 2010)

== Current Members ==
A list of current members is posted here: [[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Members]].

== Statement of Purpose ==

The Standards and Practices Working Group will work to facilitate a community-wide understanding of the role and benefit of standards in digital preservation and how to use them effectively to ensure durable and usable collections. The Group will also develop, recommend, promote, and disseminate information about effective methods for selecting, organizing, describing, managing, preserving and serving digital content, in collaboration with other individuals and organizations where appropriate.

== Current Scope of Work ==

Working group members may initiate and engage in new work at any time by forming Action Teams focused on specific projects or tasks.

===1. Survey and document the digital preservation standards landscape===
This is an ambitious and on-going project using Wikipedia to promote the use of digital preservation standards and best practices. The objectives are to:
* identify and describe '''existing''' digital preservation standards and best practices
* identify '''gaps''' in digital preservation standards and best practices coverage that could be addressed by this working group in collaboration with others
* sustain this activity by building a community of Wikipedians to join us in this activity

The categories of digital preservation standards and best practices we will focus on include:
* Content models
* Content packaging
* Content transfer
* Digital preservation strategies and techniques
* Digital preservation terms and concepts
* File formats
* Encodings
* Metadata exchange
* Metadata schemas
* Repository architecture
* Repository certification and trustworthiness
* Repository operations
* Repository policies

Specific activities and deliverables of this project include:
* creation and maintenance of a Digital Preservation "WikiProject" within Wikipedia as an umbrella for collaborating with others on this project
* redevelop the current Wikipedia "Digital Preservation" page so that it can serve as an appropriate launch page to more detailed information about standards and best practices
* create / update pages describing current standards and best practices in the field of digital preservation
* consult with others involved in digital preservation to encourage their input and contributions to the effort
* report back to the NDSA steering committee with updates and proposals as to how to continue this effort into the future

Links related to this project:
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Digital_Preservation Digital Preservation WikiProject Page]
* [https://docs.google.com/a/apps.cul.columbia.edu/document/d/1zHAQN_S3ib_JntlXu1gljN4oLU002b3wdocFjCXHsvI/edit New Outline for Wikipedia article on digital preservation]
* [[NDSA:Existing DP-Related Wikipedia Pages]]
* [[NDSA:Survey Template]]
* [[NDSA:Sources of Information about DP Standards and Best Practices]]
* [[NDSA:Categories and Action Teams]] (sign up for an action team here)
* [[NDSA:Parking Spot for other DP-related Standards and Best Practices]]

----

===2. Survey of digital preservation staffing===

* [[NDSA:Staffing survey planning page]]

----

===3. Survey on adoption of digital preservation standards and best practices===

* [[NDSA:Standards survey planning page]]

----

===4. Related action team on distributed digital preservation===

* [[NDSA:DDP_OAIS_Frameworks | Describing a Framework for Applying OAIS to Distributed Digital Preservation]]

----

== Meeting Schedules, Minutes and Agendas==

* [[NDSA:June 18, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:May 16, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:April 18, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:March 13, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:February 22, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:January 17, 2012 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:November 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:June 6, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:May 2, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:April 4, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:Digital Preservation Metadata Action Team -- March 15, 2011]]
* [[NDSA:March 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:February 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:January 12, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:December 6, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:November 17, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]

== NDSA Standards Working Group Listserv Archives==

The archives of the Standards Working Group Listserv can be found here (login will be required): http://list.digitalpreservation.gov/SCRIPTS/WA-DIGITAL.EXE?A0=NDSA-STANDARDS&X=25F57E4CACD543490D&Y

== Workshops ==
* I can haz standards workshop, NDIPP 2011 [[NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes]]

== Deprecated pages kept for historical reasons ==
* [[NDSA:2011 NDIIPP Partners' Meeting Attendees]]
* NDSA Standards Working Group Google Group Space (we never ended up using this): http://groups.google.com/group/ndsa-standards-working-group?hl=en

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-07-05T22:46:04Z

Daviss:

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===THIS PAGE IS NOW OBSOLETE.
FURTHER ADDITIONS AND CHANGES ARE BEING ADDED TO THE GOOGLE DOCS VERSION===

https://docs.google.com/a/apps.cul.columbia.edu/document/d/1efjrPtREvTdz8TN2KfuZ4GlarqEEfImFC7wGQYm4PNo/edit?pli=1
[https://docs.google.com/a/apps.cul.columbia.edu/document/d/1efjrPtREvTdz8TN2KfuZ4GlarqEEfImFC7wGQYm4PNo/edit?pli=1]

It will be deleted by August 1, 2012. (S. Davis, 2012-07-05)

----
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===Scope of article===

This article addresses basic issues relating to digital preservation. Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref> The domain of digital preservation encompasses content that has been digitized from pre-existing analog material as well as to content that is created in digital form ("born-digital" content). [Arora, J. Digital Preservation: An Overview. From: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p. 108.]

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

There are significant challenges to the task of digital preservation, both technical and economic.

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. [ref= Becker,C. et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)] Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time, posing significant threats to the survival of the content. [Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, December 2008.]

In the case of born-digital content (e.g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data) the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues.

Digital content can often present challenges to preservation because of its complex and dynamic nature, e.g., interactive Web pages, virtual reality and gaming environments, learning objects, social media sites. [ref= Arora, J. Digital Preservation, an Overview. Presented at: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p.111.]

The economic challenges of digital preservation are also great. Preservation programs require significant up front investment to create, along with ongoing costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. One of the key strategic challenges to such programs is the fact that while they require significant current and ongoing funding, their benefits accrue largely to future generations. [ref= Sustainable Economics for a Digital Planet: Ensuing Long-Term Access to Digital Information. Final Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, February 2010. p.35]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework

: In 2007, CRL/OCLC published Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist (TRAC), a document allowing digital repositories to assess their capability to reliably store, migrate, and provide access to digital content. TRAC is based upon existing standards and best practices for trustworthy digital repositories and incorporates a set of 84 audit and certification criteria arranged in three sections: Organizational Infrastructure; Digital Object Management; and Technologies, Technical Infrastructure, and Security [1]. TRAC provides tools for the audit, assessment, and potential certification of digital repositories, establishes the documentation requirements required for audit, delineates a process for certification, and establishes appropriate methodologies for determining the soundness and sustainability of digital repositories [2].

: Footnotes:
: --OCLC and CRL. (2007). Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist. Accessed on : April 16, 2012 from http://www.crl.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/pages/trac_0.pdf

: --Philips, Stephen C. (2010). Service level agreements for storage and preservation, p.13
: Accessed on May 1, 2012 from : http://www.prestocentre.org/library/resources/service-level-agreements-storage-and-preservation

:'' ALSO INCLUDE: Metrics for assessment, Certification strategies''
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation

===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-07-05T22:43:31Z

Daviss:

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===THIS PAGE IS NOW OBSOLETE. FURTHER ADDITIONS AND CHANGES ARE BEING ADDED TO THE GOOGLE DOCS VERSION===

[https://docs.google.com/a/apps.cul.columbia.edu/document/d/1efjrPtREvTdz8TN2KfuZ4GlarqEEfImFC7wGQYm4PNo/edit?pli=1]

It will be deleted by August 1, 2012. (S. Davis, 2012-07-05)

----

===Scope of article===

This article addresses basic issues relating to digital preservation. Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref> The domain of digital preservation encompasses content that has been digitized from pre-existing analog material as well as to content that is created in digital form ("born-digital" content). [Arora, J. Digital Preservation: An Overview. From: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p. 108.]

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

There are significant challenges to the task of digital preservation, both technical and economic.

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. [ref= Becker,C. et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)] Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time, posing significant threats to the survival of the content. [Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, December 2008.]

In the case of born-digital content (e.g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data) the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues.

Digital content can often present challenges to preservation because of its complex and dynamic nature, e.g., interactive Web pages, virtual reality and gaming environments, learning objects, social media sites. [ref= Arora, J. Digital Preservation, an Overview. Presented at: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p.111.]

The economic challenges of digital preservation are also great. Preservation programs require significant up front investment to create, along with ongoing costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. One of the key strategic challenges to such programs is the fact that while they require significant current and ongoing funding, their benefits accrue largely to future generations. [ref= Sustainable Economics for a Digital Planet: Ensuing Long-Term Access to Digital Information. Final Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, February 2010. p.35]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework

: In 2007, CRL/OCLC published Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist (TRAC), a document allowing digital repositories to assess their capability to reliably store, migrate, and provide access to digital content. TRAC is based upon existing standards and best practices for trustworthy digital repositories and incorporates a set of 84 audit and certification criteria arranged in three sections: Organizational Infrastructure; Digital Object Management; and Technologies, Technical Infrastructure, and Security [1]. TRAC provides tools for the audit, assessment, and potential certification of digital repositories, establishes the documentation requirements required for audit, delineates a process for certification, and establishes appropriate methodologies for determining the soundness and sustainability of digital repositories [2].

: Footnotes:
: --OCLC and CRL. (2007). Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist. Accessed on : April 16, 2012 from http://www.crl.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/pages/trac_0.pdf

: --Philips, Stephen C. (2010). Service level agreements for storage and preservation, p.13
: Accessed on May 1, 2012 from : http://www.prestocentre.org/library/resources/service-level-agreements-storage-and-preservation

:'' ALSO INCLUDE: Metrics for assessment, Certification strategies''
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation

===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-18T16:55:19Z

Daviss: /* Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Scope of article===

This article addresses basic issues relating to digital preservation. Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref> The domain of digital preservation encompasses content that has been digitized from pre-existing analog material as well as to content that is created in digital form ("born-digital" content). [Arora, J. Digital Preservation: An Overview. From: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p. 108.]

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

There are significant challenges to the task of digital preservation, both technical and economic.

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. [ref= Becker,C. et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)] Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time, posing significant threats to the survival of the content. [Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, December 2008.]

In the case of born-digital content (e.g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data) the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues.

Digital content can often present challenges to preservation because of its complex and dynamic nature, e.g., interactive Web pages, virtual reality and gaming environments, learning objects, social media sites. [ref= Arora, J. Digital Preservation, an Overview. Presented at: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p.111.]

The economic challenges of digital preservation are also great. Preservation programs require significant up front investment to create, along with ongoing costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. One of the key strategic challenges to such programs is the fact that while they require significant current and ongoing funding, their benefits accrue largely to future generations. [ref= Sustainable Economics for a Digital Planet: Ensuing Long-Term Access to Digital Information. Final Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, February 2010. p.35]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework

: In 2007, CRL/OCLC published Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist (TRAC), a document allowing digital repositories to assess their capability to reliably store, migrate, and provide access to digital content. TRAC is based upon existing standards and best practices for trustworthy digital repositories and incorporates a set of 84 audit and certification criteria arranged in three sections: Organizational Infrastructure; Digital Object Management; and Technologies, Technical Infrastructure, and Security [1]. TRAC provides tools for the audit, assessment, and potential certification of digital repositories, establishes the documentation requirements required for audit, delineates a process for certification, and establishes appropriate methodologies for determining the soundness and sustainability of digital repositories [2].

: Footnotes:
: --OCLC and CRL. (2007). Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist. Accessed on : April 16, 2012 from http://www.crl.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/pages/trac_0.pdf

: --Philips, Stephen C. (2010). Service level agreements for storage and preservation, p.13
: Accessed on May 1, 2012 from : http://www.prestocentre.org/library/resources/service-level-agreements-storage-and-preservation

:'' ALSO INCLUDE: Metrics for assessment, Certification strategies''
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation

===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-18T16:54:32Z

Daviss: /* Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Scope of article===

This article addresses basic issues relating to digital preservation. Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref> The domain of digital preservation encompasses content that has been digitized from pre-existing analog material as well as to content that is created in digital form ("born-digital" content). [Arora, J. Digital Preservation: An Overview. From: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p. 108.]

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

There are significant challenges to the task of digital preservation, both technical and economic.

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. [ref= Becker,C. et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)] Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time, posing significant threats to the survival of the content. [Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, December 2008.]

In the case of born-digital content (e.g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data) the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues.

Digital content can often present challenges to preservation because of its complex and dynamic nature, e.g., interactive Web pages, virtual reality and gaming environments, learning objects, social media sites. [ref= Arora, J. Digital Preservation, an Overview. Presented at: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p.111.]

The economic challenges of digital preservation are also great. Preservation programs require significant up front investment to create, along with ongoing costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. One of the key strategic challenges to such programs is the fact that while they require significant current and ongoing funding, their benefits accrue largely to future generations. [ref= Sustainable Economics for a Digital Planet: Ensuing Long-Term Access to Digital Information. Final Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, February 2010. p.35]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework

: In 2007, CRL/OCLC published Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist (TRAC), a document allowing digital repositories to assess their capability to reliably store, migrate, and provide access to digital content. TRAC is based upon existing standards and best practices for trustworthy digital repositories and incorporates a set of 84 audit and certification criteria arranged in three sections: Organizational Infrastructure; Digital Object Management; and Technologies, Technical Infrastructure, and Security [1]. TRAC provides tools for the audit, assessment, and potential certification of digital repositories, establishes the documentation requirements required for audit, delineates a process for certification, and establishes appropriate methodologies for determining the soundness and sustainability of digital repositories [2].

: Footnotes:
: --OCLC and CRL. (2007). Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist. Accessed on : April 16, 2012 from http://www.crl.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/pages/trac_0.pdf

: --Philips, Stephen C. (2010). Service level agreements for storage and preservation, p.13
: Accessed on May 1, 2012 from : http://www.prestocentre.org/library/resources/service-level-agreements-storage-and-preservation

'': ALSO INCLUDE: Metrics for assessment, Certification strategies''
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation

===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-18T16:52:26Z

Daviss: /* Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Scope of article===

This article addresses basic issues relating to digital preservation. Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref> The domain of digital preservation encompasses content that has been digitized from pre-existing analog material as well as to content that is created in digital form ("born-digital" content). [Arora, J. Digital Preservation: An Overview. From: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p. 108.]

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

There are significant challenges to the task of digital preservation, both technical and economic.

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. [ref= Becker,C. et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)] Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time, posing significant threats to the survival of the content. [Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, December 2008.]

In the case of born-digital content (e.g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data) the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues.

Digital content can often present challenges to preservation because of its complex and dynamic nature, e.g., interactive Web pages, virtual reality and gaming environments, learning objects, social media sites. [ref= Arora, J. Digital Preservation, an Overview. Presented at: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p.111.]

The economic challenges of digital preservation are also great. Preservation programs require significant up front investment to create, along with ongoing costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. One of the key strategic challenges to such programs is the fact that while they require significant current and ongoing funding, their benefits accrue largely to future generations. [ref= Sustainable Economics for a Digital Planet: Ensuing Long-Term Access to Digital Information. Final Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, February 2010. p.35]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework

: In 2007, CRL/OCLC published Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist (TRAC), a document allowing digital repositories to assess their capability to reliably store, migrate, and provide access to digital content. TRAC is based upon existing standards and best practices for trustworthy digital repositories and incorporates a set of 84 audit and certification criteria arranged in three sections: Organizational Infrastructure; Digital Object Management; and Technologies, Technical Infrastructure, and Security [1]. TRAC provides tools for the audit, assessment, and potential certification of digital repositories, establishes the documentation requirements required for audit, delineates a process for certification, and establishes appropriate methodologies for determining the soundness and sustainability of digital repositories [2].

: Footnotes:
: --OCLC and CRL. (2007). Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist. Accessed on : April 16, 2012 from http://www.crl.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/pages/trac_0.pdf

: --Philips, Stephen C. (2010). Service level agreements for storage and preservation, p.13
: Accessed on May 1, 2012 from : http://www.prestocentre.org/library/resources/service-level-agreements-storage-and-preservation

: ALSO INCLUDE: Metrics for assessment, Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation

===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-18T16:49:04Z

Daviss: /* Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Scope of article===

This article addresses basic issues relating to digital preservation. Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref> The domain of digital preservation encompasses content that has been digitized from pre-existing analog material as well as to content that is created in digital form ("born-digital" content). [Arora, J. Digital Preservation: An Overview. From: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p. 108.]

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

There are significant challenges to the task of digital preservation, both technical and economic.

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. [ref= Becker,C. et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)] Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time, posing significant threats to the survival of the content. [Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, December 2008.]

In the case of born-digital content (e.g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data) the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues.

Digital content can often present challenges to preservation because of its complex and dynamic nature, e.g., interactive Web pages, virtual reality and gaming environments, learning objects, social media sites. [ref= Arora, J. Digital Preservation, an Overview. Presented at: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p.111.]

The economic challenges of digital preservation are also great. Preservation programs require significant up front investment to create, along with ongoing costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. One of the key strategic challenges to such programs is the fact that while they require significant current and ongoing funding, their benefits accrue largely to future generations. [ref= Sustainable Economics for a Digital Planet: Ensuing Long-Term Access to Digital Information. Final Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, February 2010. p.35]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework

: In 2007, CRL/OCLC published Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist (TRAC), a document allowing digital repositories to assess their capability to reliably store, migrate, and provide access to digital content. TRAC is based upon existing standards and best practices for trustworthy digital repositories and incorporates a set of 84 audit and certification criteria arranged in three sections: Organizational Infrastructure; Digital Object Management; and Technologies, Technical Infrastructure, and Security [1]. TRAC provides tools for the audit, assessment, and potential certification of digital repositories, establishes the documentation requirements required for audit, delineates a process for certification, and establishes appropriate methodologies for determining the soundness and sustainability of digital repositories [2].

: Footnotes:
: 1. OCLC and CRL. (2007). Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria & Checklist. Accessed on : April 16, 2012 from http://www.crl.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/pages/trac_0.pdf

: 2. Philips, Stephen C. (2010). Service level agreements for storage and preservation, p.13
: Accessed on May 1, 2012 from
: http://www.prestocentre.org/library/resources/service-level-agreements-storage-and-preservation

## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation

===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-04T03:17:47Z

Daviss: /* Challenges of digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Scope of article===

This article addresses basic issues relating to digital preservation. Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref> The domain of digital preservation encompasses content that has been digitized from pre-existing analog material as well as to content that is created in digital form ("born-digital" content). [Arora, J. Digital Preservation: An Overview. From: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p. 108.]

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

There are significant challenges to the task of digital preservation, both technical and economic.

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. [ref= Becker,C. et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)] Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time, posing significant threats to the survival of the content. [Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, December 2008.]

In the case of born-digital content (e.g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data) the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues.

Digital content can often present challenges to preservation because of its complex and dynamic nature, e.g., interactive Web pages, virtual reality and gaming environments, learning objects, social media sites. [ref= Arora, J. Digital Preservation, an Overview. Presented at: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p.111.]

The economic challenges of digital preservation are also great. Preservation programs require significant up front investment to create, along with ongoing costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. One of the key strategic challenges to such programs is the fact that while they require significant current and ongoing funding, their benefits accrue largely to future generations. [ref= Sustainable Economics for a Digital Planet: Ensuing Long-Term Access to Digital Information. Final Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, February 2010. p.35]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-04T03:15:41Z

Daviss: /* Challenges of digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Scope of article===

This article addresses basic issues relating to digital preservation. Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref> The domain of digital preservation encompasses content that has been digitized from pre-existing analog material as well as to content that is created in digital form ("born-digital" content). [Arora, J. Digital Preservation: An Overview. From: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p. 108.]

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

There are significant challenges to the task of digital preservation, both technical and economic.

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. [ref= Becker,C. et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)] Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time, posing significant threats to the survival of the content. [Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, December 2008.]

In the case of born-digital content (e.g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data) the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues.

The nature of digital content itself can often present challenges to preservation because of its complex and dynamic nature, e.g., interactive Web pages, virtual reality and gaming environments, learning objects, social media sites. [ref= Arora, J. Digital Preservation, an Overview. Presented at: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p.111.]

The economic challenges of digital preservation are also great. Preservation programs require significant up front investment to create, along with ongoing costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. One of the key strategic challenges to such programs is the fact that while they require significant current and ongoing funding, their benefits accrue largely to future generations. [ref= Sustainable Economics for a Digital Planet: Ensuing Long-Term Access to Digital Information. Final Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, February 2010. p.35]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-04T03:04:58Z

Daviss: /* Challenges of digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Scope of article===

This article addresses basic issues relating to digital preservation. Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref> The domain of digital preservation encompasses content that has been digitized from pre-existing analog material as well as to content that is created in digital form ("born-digital" content). [Arora, J. Digital Preservation: An Overview. From: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p. 108.]

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

There are significant challenges to the task of digital preservation, both technical and economic.

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. [ref= Becker,C. et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)] Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time, posing significant threats to the survival of the content. [Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, December 2008.]

In the case of born-digital content (e.g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data) the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues.

The economic challenges of digital preservation are also great. Preservation programs require significant up front investment to create, along with ongoing costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. One of the key strategic challenges to such programs is the fact that while they require significant current and ongoing funding, their benefits accrue largely to future generations. [ref= Sustainable Economics for a Digital Planet: Ensuing Long-Term Access to Digital Information. Final Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, February 2010. p.35]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-04T03:01:42Z

Daviss: /* Definition of digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Scope of article===

This article addresses basic issues relating to digital preservation. Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref> The domain of digital preservation encompasses content that has been digitized from pre-existing analog material as well as to content that is created in digital form ("born-digital" content). [Arora, J. Digital Preservation: An Overview. From: Open Access to Textual and Multimedia Content: Bridging the Digital Divide, January 29-30, 2009, p. 108.]

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

There are significant challenges to the task of digital preservation, both technical and economic.

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. [ref= Becker,C. et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)] Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time. [Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, December 2008.]

In the case of born-digital content (e.g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data) the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues.

The economic challenges of digital preservation are also great. Preservation programs require significant up front investment to create, along with ongoing costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. One of the key strategic challenges to such programs is the fact that while they require significant current and ongoing funding, their benefits accrue largely to future generations. [ref= Sustainable Economics for a Digital Planet: Ensuing Long-Term Access to Digital Information. Final Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, February 2010. p.35]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-04T02:53:19Z

Daviss: /* Challenges of digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Scope of article===

This article addresses basic issues relating to digital preservation. Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref>

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

There are significant challenges to the task of digital preservation, both technical and economic.

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. [ref= Becker,C. et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)] Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time. [Evans, Mark; Carter, Laura. The Challenges of Digital Preservation. Presentation at the Library of Parliament, Ottawa, December 2008.]

In the case of born-digital content (e.g., institutional archives, Web sites, electronic audio and video content, born-digital photography and art, research data sets, observational data) the enormous and growing quantity of content presents significant scaling issues.

The economic challenges of digital preservation are also great. Preservation programs require significant up front investment to create, along with ongoing costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. One of the key strategic challenges to such programs is the fact that while they require significant current and ongoing funding, their benefits accrue largely to future generations. [ref= Sustainable Economics for a Digital Planet: Ensuing Long-Term Access to Digital Information. Final Report of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, February 2010. p.35]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-04T01:55:10Z

Daviss: /* Scope of article */

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-04T01:54:49Z

Daviss:

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-04T01:52:17Z

Daviss: /* Definition of digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref>

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. Two separate strategies have been used to address the problem of continuity of access, migration and emulation. [ref= Becker,C et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-04T01:31:03Z

Daviss: /* Strategies for digital preservation */ SPD added text on migration & emulation

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref>

Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. Two separate strategies have been used to address the problem of continuity of access, migration and emulation. [ref= Becker,C et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data. <ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
:Content preservation is generally achieved by one of two strategies, migration or emulation. Migration requires the repeated copying or conversion of digital objects from one technology to a more stable or current, be it hardware or software. Each migration incurs certain risks and preserves only a certain fraction of the characteristics of a digital object. Emulation as the second important strategy strives to reproduce all essential characteristics of the performance of a system, allowing programs and media designed for a particular environment to operate in a different, newer setting.

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-06-04T00:39:43Z

Daviss: /* Challenges of digital preservation */ added par. on continuity, with reference

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref>

Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)

Unlike traditional analog objects such as books or photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. Two separate strategies have been used to address the problem of continuity of access, migration and emulation. [ref= Becker,C et al. Systematic planning for digital preservation. International Journal on Digital Libraries Date: December 19, 2009, p. 134. (Int J Digit Libr (2009) 10:133–157 DOI 10.1007/s00799-009-0057-1)]

===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data.<ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2012-01-17T01:05:27Z

Daviss: /* Definition of digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be understood as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref>

Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data.<ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T19:45:53Z

Daviss: /* Definition of digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be seen as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref></ref>

Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data.<ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T19:45:07Z

Daviss:

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be seen as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref></ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref>

Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data.<ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T19:40:54Z

Daviss: /* Definition of digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be seen as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. <ref>{{cite web |http://www.dpconline.org/advice/preservationhandbook/introduction/definitions-and-concepts|title=Digital Preservation|accessdate=2012-12-16 |publisher=[http://www.dpconline.org/ Digital Preservation Coalition]}}</ref> It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. <ref>{{cite web |http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/alcts/resources/preserv/defdigpres0408.cfm|ALA - Definitions of Digital Preservation|accessdate="2012-12-16 |publisher=[http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/alcts/index.cfm/ ALA Association for Library Collections & Technical Services]}}

Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data.<ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T19:40:11Z

Daviss: /* Strategies for digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be seen as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. (HIDDEN REF!)  It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. (HIDDEN REF!) 

Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
:''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data.<ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T19:39:24Z

Daviss: /* Strategies for digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be seen as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. (HIDDEN REF!)  It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. (HIDDEN REF!) 

Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying

''Refreshing'' is the transfer of data between two types of the same storage medium so there are no [[NDSA:bitrate]] changes or alteration of data.<ref>Cornell University Library. (2005) [http://www.library.cornell.edu/iris/tutorial/dpm/eng_index.html/ Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Strategies for Long-term Problems.]</ref> For example, transferring [[NDSA:Population census|census]] data from an old preservation [[NDSA:CD]] to a new one. This strategy may need to be combined with migration when the [[NDSA:Computer software|software]] or [[NDSA:Computer hardware|hardware]] required to read the data is no longer available or is unable to understand the format of the data. Refreshing will likely always be necessary due to the deterioration of physical media.

#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation

===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T19:37:07Z

Daviss: /* Definition of digital preservation */

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be seen as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. (HIDDEN REF!)  It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. (HIDDEN REF!) 

Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.

===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T19:33:33Z

Daviss:

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

===Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be see as the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. (HIDDEN REF!)  It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. (HIDDEN REF!) 

Related topics that are not dealt with in this article include: intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management.
===Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
===Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T19:28:38Z

Daviss: /* 2. Definition of digital preservation */ Added definition; there are two hidden references in Wikipedia style that don't work in the current NDSA version of MediaWiki

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

=== 1. Scope of article===
#Synonyms (e.g., digital archiving, long-term digital preservation)
# Not included, maybe related articles (e.g. intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management)
===2. Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)

Digital preservation can be see as a the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. (REF)  It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. (REF) 

===3. Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===4. Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
===5. Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===6. Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===7. Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T19:09:12Z

Daviss: moved more content to "generic section" Strategies for digital preservation

''[[NDSA:Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group | Return to NDSA Standards and Best Practices Working Group Home Page]]''

=== 1. Scope of article===
#Synonyms (e.g., digital archiving, long-term digital preservation)
# Not included, maybe related articles (e.g. intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management)
===2. Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)
===3. Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===4. Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
===5. Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===6. Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===7. Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T19:02:01Z

Daviss:

=== 1. Scope of article===
#Synonyms (e.g., digital archiving, long-term digital preservation)
# Not included, maybe related articles (e.g. intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management)
===2. Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)
===3. Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===4. Strategies for digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
#Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
#Replication
#Content preservation versus object preservation
#Migration vs. emulation
===5. Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===6. Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===7. Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T18:53:26Z

Daviss:

=== 1. Scope of article===
#Synonyms (e.g., digital archiving, long-term digital preservation)
# Not included, maybe related articles (e.g. intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management)
===2. Definition of digital preservation===
(generic, high-level)
===3. Challenges of digital preservation===
(generic, high level)
===4. Identification of digital preservation communities===
(e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
===5. Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts===
# History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
# Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
# Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
# Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
## Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
## Replication
## Content preservation versus object preservation
## Migration vs. emulation
## Data integrity, provenance, versioning
## Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
## “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
## Digital file format preservation issues
## Digital forensics
# Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
## [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
# “Trusted digital repository” framework
## History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
## Issues addressed in current frameworks
## Metrics for assessment
## Certification strategies
# Digital curation
# Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
# Storage and OS considerations
# Sustainability and economic models for preservation
# Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
# Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
# Preservation Initiatives and programs
## United States
### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
## United Kingdom
### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
## Europe
### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
## [Other countries, regions]
# Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
# Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
===6. Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities===
[NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
# Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
# Digital preservation in the architecture community
# Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
# Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
# Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
# [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

2011-12-16T18:42:51Z

Daviss: Created page with '#Scope of article ##Synonyms (e.g., digital archiving, long-term digital preservation) ## Not included, maybe related articles (e.g. intellectual property issues, privacy, selec…'

#Scope of article
##Synonyms (e.g., digital archiving, long-term digital preservation)
## Not included, maybe related articles (e.g. intellectual property issues, privacy, selection for preservation, asset management, content management)
# Definition of digital preservation (generic, high level)
# Challenges of digital preservation (generic, high level)
# Identification of digital preservation communities (e.g., research libraries, national libraries, archives, governments, scientific communities, geospatial and observational data communities, architecture and design industry, video and film industry, broadcast industry)
# Research library and “memory institutions’” digital preservation efforts
## History of engagement / involvement; relationship to institutional repository movement
## Organizations engaged in digital preservation planning (U.S. only? See Initiatives and Programs below), e.g., NDSA, PASIG, etc.
## Use cases (converted analog, born-digital documents, images, audio-visual material, data sets, observational data, electronic records, email, CAD-CAM content, digital games, mixed archival collections; digitization as sole preservation strategy for audio and moving images; computer software, dance performances; Web sites; social media archives; databases )
## Issues, assumptions, approaches, best practices [THIS SECTION COULD BE BETTER STRUCTURED]
### Refreshing, cyclical re-copying
### Replication
### Content preservation versus object preservation
### Migration vs. emulation
### Data integrity, provenance, versioning
### Metadata considerations (types of metadata, objectives of metadata)
### “Dark archiving” versus access-oriented strategies
### Digital file format preservation issues
### Digital forensics
## Current and evolving technical standards (discussion)
### [branch to listing of individual standards and practices]
## “Trusted digital repository” framework
### History and current status (TRAC, Drambora)
### Issues addressed in current frameworks
### Metrics for assessment
### Certification strategies
## Digital curation
## Preservation of original hardware and software access systems
## Storage and OS considerations
## Sustainability and economic models for preservation
## Open source systems and tools (e.g., Fedora, JHOVE, PRONOM)
## Vendor-provided systems and tools (e.g., Rosetta)
## Preservation Initiatives and programs
### United States
#### NDSA, LOCKSS, Hathi Trust, Portico, MetaArchive, CDL, Internet Archive, CRL, consortia, etc. -- mostly links to other articles
### United Kingdom
#### Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)
### Europe
#### CASPAR, PLANETS, TIMBUS
### [Other countries, regions]
## Preservation-oriented conferences and meetings (e.g., iPres)
## Granting agencies supporting digital preservation
# Other Preservation-Related Domains and Communities - [NOTE: The following are additional communities with somewhat different considerations and approaches in the area of digital preservation. While domain-specific published and defacto standards may in many cases be the same as those used in the research library community – and could be referenced from within the sections below -- best practices and use cases will differ. NDSA would not necessarily take any responsibility for these sections, so they are for now notional.)
## Digital preservation in the scientific and geospatial community
## Digital preservation in the architecture community
## Digital preservation in the domain of “personal digital preservation” (e.g., LC’s personal preservation initiative)
## Digital preservation in the broadcast media community
## Digital preservation in the audio engineering industry
## [Others contributed by other communities]

NDSA:Standards and Best Practices Working Group

2011-12-16T18:33:22Z

Daviss: /* Deliverables: */ Added link to new page for Wikipedia digital preservation page draft outline

== Standards and Practices Working Group ==

[[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Charter ]] (December 10, 2010)

== Current Members ==
A list of current members is posted here: [[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Members]].

== Statement of Purpose ==

The Standards and Practices Working Group will work to facilitate a community-wide understanding of the role and benefit of standards in digital preservation and how to use them effectively to ensure durable and usable collections. The Group will also develop, recommend, promote, and disseminate information about effective methods for selecting, organizing, describing, managing, preserving and serving digital content, in collaboration with other individuals and organizations where appropriate.

== Current Scope of Work ==

Working group members may initiate and engage in new work at any time by forming Action Teams focused on specific projects or tasks. In addition, the Working Group will conduct the following project.

===Survey and document the digital preservation standards landscape===

====Objectives:====
* Identify and describe existing digital preservation standards and best practices
* Identify opportunities for collaboration with non-NDSA individuals and organizations who are currently working on digital preservation standards and best practices
* Identify gaps in digital preservation standards and best practices coverage that could be addressed by this working group in future activities

====Scope:====
* Compilation of existing digital preservation standards and best practices, including but not limited to:
** Authoring individuals and organizations
** Status of standard or best practice
** Description of standard or best practice
** Characterization of the standard or best practice
Categories:
Content models
Content packaging
Content transfer
Digital preservation strategies and techniques
Digital preservation terms and concepts
File formats
Encodings
Metadata exchange
Metadata schemas
Repository architecture
Repository certification and trustworthiness
Repository operations
Repository policies
** Examples of where and how they are used
** Related documents and Web sites
* Analysis and synthesis
* Identify gaps, areas of potential collaboration, etc.
* Publication of survey as an online resource

====Deliverables:====
* Our original goal was to to create an online resource that could be continually updated by the NDSA Standards and Practices group and accessed by the general public. As of December 2011, our current, somewhat broader plan, is:

:#to develop a Digital Preservation "WikiProject" within Wikipedia as an umbrella for creating and improving information about digital preservation generally and preservation standards and best practices;
:# redevelop the current Wikipedia "Digital Preservation" page so that it can serve as an appropriate launch page to more detailed information about standards and best practices;
:# to create / update pages describing current standards and best practices in the field of digital preservation;
:# to consult with others involved in digital preservation to encourage their input and contributions to the effort;
:# to report back to the NDSA steering committee with updates and proposals as to how to continue this effort into the future.

* Links to current work are posted here:

:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Digital_Preservation Digital Preservation WikiProject Page]
:* [[NDSA:Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline]]

====Schedule====
* Early Spring 2011: Project planning
* Late Spring 2011: Rough draft of report
* Summer 2011: “Live” online resource
* Summer 2011: Report on work at the NDSA annual conference

====Logistics & methodology====
* Progress will be reported via the regular working group phone meetings.
* Discussions will happen on listserv and via emails and phone calls as needed
* NDSA Standards and Practices working group wiki space will be used to collate resources and work on the deliverables
* A Google Doc Spreadsheet may work better to collate resources because of its support for collaborative editing and column sorting.

====Participants====
* Lead: Small group of Working Group members?
* Responsibilities: Manage the project (keep it on-track, provide status updates), Design contribution process (e.g. who can contribute, editorial review process?, how to publicize contribution process), Design information framework (e.g. the elements to record about each standard, controlled vocabulary values), Perform analysis on collated standards and best practices, Write summary report
* Participants: Entire Working Group
* Responsibilities: Identify and describe relevant standards and best practices

== Work Spaces for Standards Survey==

[[NDSA:Survey Template]]

[[NDSA:Sources of Information about DP Standards and Best Practices]]

[[NDSA:Categories and Action Teams]] (sign up for an action team here)

[[NDSA:Parking Spot for other DP-related Standards and Best Practices]]

[[NDSA:Existing DP-Related Wikipedia Pages]]

== Meeting Schedules, Minutes and Agendas==

* [[NDSA:November 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:June 6, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:May 2, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:April 4, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:March 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:February 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:January 12, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:December 6, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:November 17, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]

== NDSA Standards Working Group Listserv Archives==

The archives of the Standards Working Group Listserv can be found here (login will be required): http://list.digitalpreservation.gov/SCRIPTS/WA-DIGITAL.EXE?A0=NDSA-STANDARDS&X=25F57E4CACD543490D&Y

== NDSA Standards Working Group Google Group Space==

http://groups.google.com/group/ndsa-standards-working-group?hl=en

== Related Action Teams==

[[NDSA:DDP_OAIS_Frameworks | Describing a Framework for Applying OAIS to Distributed Digital Preservation]]

== Action Team Meeting Minutes and Summaries==

[[NDSA:Digital Preservation Metadata Action Team -- March 15, 2011]]

== 2011 NDIIPP Partners' Meeting Attendees ==

[[NDSA:2011 NDIIPP Partners' Meeting Attendees]]

== I can haz standards workshop ==

[[NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes]]

NDSA:Standards and Best Practices Working Group

2011-12-16T18:27:53Z

Daviss: /* Deliverables: */

== Standards and Practices Working Group ==

[[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Charter ]] (December 10, 2010)

== Current Members ==
A list of current members is posted here: [[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Members]].

== Statement of Purpose ==

The Standards and Practices Working Group will work to facilitate a community-wide understanding of the role and benefit of standards in digital preservation and how to use them effectively to ensure durable and usable collections. The Group will also develop, recommend, promote, and disseminate information about effective methods for selecting, organizing, describing, managing, preserving and serving digital content, in collaboration with other individuals and organizations where appropriate.

== Current Scope of Work ==

Working group members may initiate and engage in new work at any time by forming Action Teams focused on specific projects or tasks. In addition, the Working Group will conduct the following project.

===Survey and document the digital preservation standards landscape===

====Objectives:====
* Identify and describe existing digital preservation standards and best practices
* Identify opportunities for collaboration with non-NDSA individuals and organizations who are currently working on digital preservation standards and best practices
* Identify gaps in digital preservation standards and best practices coverage that could be addressed by this working group in future activities

====Scope:====
* Compilation of existing digital preservation standards and best practices, including but not limited to:
** Authoring individuals and organizations
** Status of standard or best practice
** Description of standard or best practice
** Characterization of the standard or best practice
Categories:
Content models
Content packaging
Content transfer
Digital preservation strategies and techniques
Digital preservation terms and concepts
File formats
Encodings
Metadata exchange
Metadata schemas
Repository architecture
Repository certification and trustworthiness
Repository operations
Repository policies
** Examples of where and how they are used
** Related documents and Web sites
* Analysis and synthesis
* Identify gaps, areas of potential collaboration, etc.
* Publication of survey as an online resource

====Deliverables:====
* Our original goal was to to create an online resource that could be continually updated by the NDSA Standards and Practices group and accessed by the general public. As of December 2011, our current, somewhat broader plan, is:

:#to develop a Digital Preservation "WikiProject" within Wikipedia as an umbrella for creating and improving information about digital preservation generally and preservation standards and best practices;
:# redevelop the current Wikipedia "Digital Preservation" page so that it can serve as an appropriate launch page to more detailed information about standards and best practices;
:# to create / update pages describing current standards and best practices in the field of digital preservation;
:# to consult with others involved in digital preservation to encourage their input and contributions to the effort;
:# to report back to the NDSA steering committee with updates and proposals as to how to continue this effort into the future.

* Links to current work are posted here:

:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Digital_Preservation Digital Preservation WikiProject Page]
:* Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

====Schedule====
* Early Spring 2011: Project planning
* Late Spring 2011: Rough draft of report
* Summer 2011: “Live” online resource
* Summer 2011: Report on work at the NDSA annual conference

====Logistics & methodology====
* Progress will be reported via the regular working group phone meetings.
* Discussions will happen on listserv and via emails and phone calls as needed
* NDSA Standards and Practices working group wiki space will be used to collate resources and work on the deliverables
* A Google Doc Spreadsheet may work better to collate resources because of its support for collaborative editing and column sorting.

====Participants====
* Lead: Small group of Working Group members?
* Responsibilities: Manage the project (keep it on-track, provide status updates), Design contribution process (e.g. who can contribute, editorial review process?, how to publicize contribution process), Design information framework (e.g. the elements to record about each standard, controlled vocabulary values), Perform analysis on collated standards and best practices, Write summary report
* Participants: Entire Working Group
* Responsibilities: Identify and describe relevant standards and best practices

== Work Spaces for Standards Survey==

[[NDSA:Survey Template]]

[[NDSA:Sources of Information about DP Standards and Best Practices]]

[[NDSA:Categories and Action Teams]] (sign up for an action team here)

[[NDSA:Parking Spot for other DP-related Standards and Best Practices]]

[[NDSA:Existing DP-Related Wikipedia Pages]]

== Meeting Schedules, Minutes and Agendas==

* [[NDSA:November 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:June 6, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:May 2, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:April 4, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:March 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:February 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:January 12, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:December 6, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:November 17, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]

== NDSA Standards Working Group Listserv Archives==

The archives of the Standards Working Group Listserv can be found here (login will be required): http://list.digitalpreservation.gov/SCRIPTS/WA-DIGITAL.EXE?A0=NDSA-STANDARDS&X=25F57E4CACD543490D&Y

== NDSA Standards Working Group Google Group Space==

http://groups.google.com/group/ndsa-standards-working-group?hl=en

== Related Action Teams==

[[NDSA:DDP_OAIS_Frameworks | Describing a Framework for Applying OAIS to Distributed Digital Preservation]]

== Action Team Meeting Minutes and Summaries==

[[NDSA:Digital Preservation Metadata Action Team -- March 15, 2011]]

== 2011 NDIIPP Partners' Meeting Attendees ==

[[NDSA:2011 NDIIPP Partners' Meeting Attendees]]

== I can haz standards workshop ==

[[NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes]]

NDSA:Standards and Best Practices Working Group

2011-12-16T18:26:04Z

Daviss: /* Deliverables: */ Updated section to show current project objectives and provide links to working documents

== Standards and Practices Working Group ==

[[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Charter ]] (December 10, 2010)

== Current Members ==
A list of current members is posted here: [[NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Members]].

== Statement of Purpose ==

The Standards and Practices Working Group will work to facilitate a community-wide understanding of the role and benefit of standards in digital preservation and how to use them effectively to ensure durable and usable collections. The Group will also develop, recommend, promote, and disseminate information about effective methods for selecting, organizing, describing, managing, preserving and serving digital content, in collaboration with other individuals and organizations where appropriate.

== Current Scope of Work ==

Working group members may initiate and engage in new work at any time by forming Action Teams focused on specific projects or tasks. In addition, the Working Group will conduct the following project.

===Survey and document the digital preservation standards landscape===

====Objectives:====
* Identify and describe existing digital preservation standards and best practices
* Identify opportunities for collaboration with non-NDSA individuals and organizations who are currently working on digital preservation standards and best practices
* Identify gaps in digital preservation standards and best practices coverage that could be addressed by this working group in future activities

====Scope:====
* Compilation of existing digital preservation standards and best practices, including but not limited to:
** Authoring individuals and organizations
** Status of standard or best practice
** Description of standard or best practice
** Characterization of the standard or best practice
Categories:
Content models
Content packaging
Content transfer
Digital preservation strategies and techniques
Digital preservation terms and concepts
File formats
Encodings
Metadata exchange
Metadata schemas
Repository architecture
Repository certification and trustworthiness
Repository operations
Repository policies
** Examples of where and how they are used
** Related documents and Web sites
* Analysis and synthesis
* Identify gaps, areas of potential collaboration, etc.
* Publication of survey as an online resource

====Deliverables:====
* Our original goal was to to create an online resource that could be continually updated by the NDSA Standards and Practices group and accessed by the general public. As of December 2011, our current, somewhat broader plan, is:

:#to develop a Digital Preservation "WikiProject" within Wikipedia as an umbrella for creating and updating better information about digital preservation generally and preservation standards and best practices;
:# redevelop the current Wikipedia "Digital Preservation" page so that it can serve as an appropriate launch page to information about standards and best practices;
:# to create / update pages describing current standards and best practices in the field of digital preservation;
:# to consult with others involved in digital preservation to encourage their input and contributions to the effort;
:# to report back to the NDSA steering committee with updates and proposals as to how to continue this effort into the future.

* Links to current work are posted here:

:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Digital_Preservation Digital Preservation WikiProject Page]
:* Digital Preservation Page -- draft outline

====Schedule====
* Early Spring 2011: Project planning
* Late Spring 2011: Rough draft of report
* Summer 2011: “Live” online resource
* Summer 2011: Report on work at the NDSA annual conference

====Logistics & methodology====
* Progress will be reported via the regular working group phone meetings.
* Discussions will happen on listserv and via emails and phone calls as needed
* NDSA Standards and Practices working group wiki space will be used to collate resources and work on the deliverables
* A Google Doc Spreadsheet may work better to collate resources because of its support for collaborative editing and column sorting.

====Participants====
* Lead: Small group of Working Group members?
* Responsibilities: Manage the project (keep it on-track, provide status updates), Design contribution process (e.g. who can contribute, editorial review process?, how to publicize contribution process), Design information framework (e.g. the elements to record about each standard, controlled vocabulary values), Perform analysis on collated standards and best practices, Write summary report
* Participants: Entire Working Group
* Responsibilities: Identify and describe relevant standards and best practices

== Work Spaces for Standards Survey==

[[NDSA:Survey Template]]

[[NDSA:Sources of Information about DP Standards and Best Practices]]

[[NDSA:Categories and Action Teams]] (sign up for an action team here)

[[NDSA:Parking Spot for other DP-related Standards and Best Practices]]

[[NDSA:Existing DP-Related Wikipedia Pages]]

== Meeting Schedules, Minutes and Agendas==

* [[NDSA:November 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:June 6, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:May 2, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:April 4, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:March 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:February 7, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:January 12, 2011 Standards Working Group Notes and Agenda]]
* [[NDSA:December 6, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]
* [[NDSA:November 17, 2010 Standards Working Group Notes]]

== NDSA Standards Working Group Listserv Archives==

The archives of the Standards Working Group Listserv can be found here (login will be required): http://list.digitalpreservation.gov/SCRIPTS/WA-DIGITAL.EXE?A0=NDSA-STANDARDS&X=25F57E4CACD543490D&Y

== NDSA Standards Working Group Google Group Space==

http://groups.google.com/group/ndsa-standards-working-group?hl=en

== Related Action Teams==

[[NDSA:DDP_OAIS_Frameworks | Describing a Framework for Applying OAIS to Distributed Digital Preservation]]

== Action Team Meeting Minutes and Summaries==

[[NDSA:Digital Preservation Metadata Action Team -- March 15, 2011]]

== 2011 NDIIPP Partners' Meeting Attendees ==

[[NDSA:2011 NDIIPP Partners' Meeting Attendees]]

== I can haz standards workshop ==

[[NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes]]

NDSA:Standards and Practices Working Group Members

2011-09-30T17:48:22Z

Daviss:

Co-chairs:

* Co-chair: Jimi Jones, Library of Congress
** I am Digital Audiovisual Formats Specialist for LC's Office of Strategic Initiatives. I am primarily interested in audiovisual formats and encodings and will probably focus on those in this survey work.
* Co-chair: Andrea Goethals, Harvard University
** I manage Harvard Library's digital preservation program and repository. I am interested in better exposing standards and best practices that can help manage preservation repositories on a practical level. I will probably focus on best practice and guidance documents related to preservation policies and practices.

Members (In order of first names):

* Aaron Trehub, Auburn University
* Allison Munsell, Munsell Studio
* Amy Kirchhoff, ITHAKA
** I am the Portico and JSTOR Archive Service Product Manager. I have a particular interest in standards related to content packaging, metadata, and file formats.
* Amy Rudersdorf, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
** I am the director of the Digital Information Management Program at the State Library of North Carolina. We work to provide permanent public access to publications created by or on behalf of North Carolina State Government agencies. Initiative activities include research and testing of technologies and tools to acquire, manage, preserve, and provide access to both born-digital and digitized information produced by the state agencies of North Carolina.
* Andy Maltz, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences
* Ben Fino-Radin, Rhizome
* Brian E. C. Schottlaender, University of California San Diego
* Charles Kolb, National Endowment for the Humanities
* Claire W. White, Stock Artists Alliance
* Courtney Michael, WGBH Educational Foundation
* Daniel R. Dodge, Thomson Reuters
* Daphne DeLeon, Nevada State Library and Archives
* Robert R. Downs, CIESIN, Columbia University
* Eileen Fenton, Portico
* Elizabeth Falk, Idaho State Archives
* Eugene Mopsik, American Society of Media Photographers
* Gary Wright, Corporation of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
* Glenn Clatworthy, Public Broadcasting Service
* Gregory Sanford, Vermont State Archives and Records Administration
* Herbert Van de Sompel, Los Alamos National Laboratory Research Library
* Jennifer Waxman, New York University
* Joe Weisenbach, MAM-A Inc.
* John McCoskey, Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
* John Spencer, BMS/Chace
* Josh Sternfeld, National Endowment for the Humanities
* Karen Cariani, WGBH Educational Foundation
* Kate Murray, National Archives and Records Administration
* Margaret Maes, Legal Information Preservation Alliance
* Mark Abrahamson, Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
* Mark Evans, Tessella Inc.
* Martin Halbert, University of North Texas
* Mary Vardigan, Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)
* Matt Peters, Utah Automated Geographic Reference Center
* Matt Schultz, Educopia Institute, MetaArchive Cooperative
* Meg Philips, National Archives and Records Administration
* Michael Levy, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
* Michael L. Nelson, Old Dominion University
* Michele Kimpton, DuraSpace
* Michele Timmons, Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes
* Nancy North, University of Michigan
* Paula De Stefano, New York University (NYU)
* Priscilla Caplan, Florida Center for Library Automation
* Rachel L. Frick, Council on Library and Information Resources: Digital Library Federation
* Robert R. Downs, Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University
* Shane Beers, University of Michigan
* Shawn Nicholson, Michigan State University Libraries
* Stephen P Davis, Columbia - Director, Columbia Libraries Digital Program, with overall responsibility for our Fedora-based digital preservation repository and program.
* Steve Morris, North Carolina State University Libraries
* Tracy Popp, Texas Tech University Libraries
* Victoria Walch, Council of State Archives
* Wayne Shoaf, University of Southern California

[http://www.loc.gov/extranet/wiki/osi/ndiip/ndsa/index.php?title=Standards_and_Best_Practices_Working_Group NDSA Standards Group Home]

NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes

2011-07-20T18:52:50Z

Daviss: /* Table 4 */

== Table 1 ==

== Table 2 ==

== Table 3 ==

== Table 4 ==

test

-- scope: descriptive? standards / guidelines / practices

-- use cases: newbie, student, new project planners, hardware purchase decisions; developers; preparing outsource specification

-- difficulty to maintain over time? distributed mode with editor? Regular request to community for updates?

-- standards in use around table: METS, PREMIS, ASE, DACS, EAD, PeDALS; Astronomy FITS; RDF;

-- what about file format standards? what about best practices for preservation and access?

-- Questions: need more use cases to justify? What about standards and practices still needed? Gap analysis?

-- use format / community-based, investigation / organization

== Table 5 ==
1.
Software developers
-Just need minimal information - titles, links, maybe tags
-goal - need to work in aoarticular problem. Space

Useful to know if the standard is dead, still used

2. Tools
Google fusion tables
Freebase?

NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes

2011-07-20T18:50:14Z

Daviss: /* Table 4 */

== Table 1 ==

== Table 2 ==

== Table 3 ==

== Table 4 ==

test

-- scope: descriptive? standards / guidelines / practices

-- use cases: newbie, student, new project planners, hardware purchase decisions; developers

-- difficulty to maintain over time? distributed mode with editor? Regular request to community for updates?

-- standards in use around table: METS, PREMIS, ASE, DACS, EAD, PeDALS; Astronomy FITS; RDF;

-- what about file format standards? what about best practices for preservation and access?

-- Questions: need more use cases to justify? What about standards and practices still needed? Gap analysis?

-- use format / community-based, investigation / organization

== Table 5 ==
1.
Software developers
-Just need minimal information - titles, links, maybe tags
-goal - need to work in aoarticular problem. Space

Useful to know if the standard is dead, still used

2. Tools
Google fusion tables
Freebase?

NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes

2011-07-20T18:47:47Z

Daviss: /* Table 4 */

== Table 1 ==

== Table 2 ==

== Table 3 ==

== Table 4 ==

test

-- scope: descriptive? standards / guidelines / practices

-- use cases: newbie, student, new project planners, hardware purchase decisions;

-- difficulty to maintain over time? distributed mode with editor? Regular request to community for updates?

-- standards in use around table: METS, PREMIS, ASE, DACS, EAD, PeDALS; Astronomy FITS; RDF;

-- what about file format standards? what about best practices for preservation and access?

-- Questions: need more use cases to justify? What about standards and practices still needed? Gap analysis?

== Table 5 ==
1.
Software developers
-Just need minimal information - titles, links, maybe tags
-goal - need to work in aoarticular problem. Space

Useful to know if the standard is dead, still used

2. Tools
Google fusion tables
Freebase?

NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes

2011-07-20T18:46:40Z

Daviss: /* Table 4 */

== Table 1 ==

== Table 2 ==

== Table 3 ==

== Table 4 ==

test

-- scope: descriptive? standards / guidelines / practices

-- use cases: newbie, student, new project planners, hardware purchase decisions;

-- difficulty to maintain over time? distributed mode with editor? Regular request to community for updates?

-- standards in use around table: METS, PREMIS, ASE, DACS, EAD, PeDALS; Astronomy FITS;

-- what about file format standards? what about best practices for preservation and access?

-- Questions: need more use cases to justify

--

== Table 5 ==
1.
Software developers
-Just need minimal information - titles, links, maybe tags
-goal - need to work in aoarticular problem. Space

Useful to know if the standard is dead, still used

2. Tools
Google fusion tables
Freebase?

NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes

2011-07-20T18:44:23Z

Daviss: /* Table 4 */

== Table 1 ==

== Table 2 ==

== Table 3 ==

== Table 4 ==

test

-- scope: descriptive? standards / guidelines / practices

-- use cases: newbie, student, new project planners, hardware purchase decisions;

-- difficulty to maintain over time? distributed mode with editor? Regular request to community for updates?

-- standards in use around table: METS, PREMIS, ASE,

-- what about file format standards? what about best practices for preservation and access?

--

== Table 5 ==
1.
Software developers
-Just need minimal information - titles, links, maybe tags
-goal - need to work in aoarticular problem. Space

Useful to know if the standard is dead, still used

2. Tools
Google fusion tables
Freebase?

NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes

2011-07-20T18:42:02Z

Daviss: /* Table 4 */

== Table 1 ==

== Table 2 ==

== Table 3 ==

== Table 4 ==

test

-- scope: descriptive

-- use cases: newbie, student, new project planners

-- difficulty to maintain over time? distributed mode with editor? Regular request to community for updates?

== Table 5 ==
1.
Software developers
-Just need minimal information - titles, links, maybe tags
-goal - need to work in aoarticular problem. Space

Useful to know if the standard is dead, still used

2. Tools
Google fusion tables
Freebase?

NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes

2011-07-20T18:40:38Z

Daviss: /* Table 4 */

== Table 1 ==

== Table 2 ==

== Table 3 ==

== Table 4 ==
test

== Table 5 ==
1.
Software developers
-Just need minimal information - titles, links, maybe tags
-goal - need to work in aoarticular problem. Space

Useful to know if the standard is dead, still used

2. Tools
Google fusion tables
Freebase?

NDSA:I can haz standards workshop notes

2011-07-20T18:37:08Z

Daviss: /* Table 4 */

== Table 1 ==

== Table 2 ==

== Table 3 ==

== Table 4 ==

== Table 5 ==
1.
Software developers
-Just need minimal information - titles, links, maybe tags
-goal - need to work in aoarticular problem. Space

Useful to know if the standard is dead, still used

2. Tools
Google fusion tables
Freebase?

NDSA:2011 NDIIPP Partners' Meeting Attendees

2011-06-29T23:50:46Z

Daviss:

'''Please enter your name below if you're planning to come to the 2011 NDIIPP Partners' Meeting in Washington DC.'''

# Jimi Jones
# Andrea Goethals
# Stephen Davis (Columbia)

NDSA:DDP OAIS Gap-Uses

2011-04-15T16:12:45Z

Daviss: /* Gap Analysis & Use Cases */

==Gap Analysis & Use Cases==
This is a workspace for distributed digital preservation groups to self-describe their orientation to the various Archive Interoperability models described in Section 6 of the OAIS Reference Model, as well as to OAIS in general (terminology, concepts, functional areas, roles & responsibilities, etc.). Its primary purpose is to identify important elements that could be elaborated upon to help describe a framework for effectively applying the OAIS Reference Model and derived auditing metrics such as TRAC to these groups and environments.

This gap analysis and set of use cases can then be drawn upon to articulate the proposed white paper, and lay the groundwork for finalizing a more complete and accurate [[NDSA:DDP_OAIS_Frameworks | Framework for Applying OAIS to Distributed Digital Preservation]].

===Gap Analysis===
A list of distributed digital preservation groups, projects, service providers or practitioners describing their environment's orientation to Section 6 of the OAIS Reference Model: Archive Interoperability. See [[NDSA:Archive_Interoperability | here]] for Section 6 OAIS descriptions of [[NDSA:Archive_Interoperability#Independent_Archives_.28page_6-2.2C_2009_Pink_Book.29 | Independent]], [[NDSA:Archive_Interoperability#Cooperative_Archives_.28page_6-3.2C_2009_Pink_Book.29 | Cooperating]], [[NDSA:Archive_Interoperability#Federated_Archives_.28page_6-4.2C_2009_Pink_Book.29 | Federated]] and [[NDSA:Archive_Interoperability#Archives_with_Shared_Functional_Areas_.28page_6-7.2C_2009_Pink_Book.29 | Archives with Shared Functional Areas]].

* [[NDSA:MetaArchive_Gap_Analysis | MetaArchive Cooperative]]

===Use Cases===
A list of distributed digital preservation groups, projects, service providers or practitioners describing individual use case examples of applying the Reference Model and comparing/contrasting its concepts to their environment.

* [[NDSA:MetaArchive_Use_Cases | MetaArchive Cooperative]]

[[NDSA:DDP_OAIS_Frameworks | << Back to Main Page]]